In Sri Lanka’s legal system, understanding civil jurisdiction is essential for anyone involved in legal proceedings. Whether you are filing a lawsuit or defending one, knowing which court has the authority to hear your case can make all the difference.
At Wijesinghe Chambers, we provide expert legal guidance across all civil matters. Here’s a clear breakdown of the types of civil jurisdiction in Sri Lanka.
What is Civil Jurisdiction?
Civil jurisdiction refers to the legal authority a court holds to hear and determine civil cases — such as property disputes, contract breaches, and family law matters. It defines the limits of a court’s power in terms of subject matter, geographical area, and monetary value.
Types of Civil Jurisdiction in Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka’s legal system recognizes several key types of jurisdiction under civil law, primarily governed by the Judicature Act and other statutory laws.
1. Pecuniary Jurisdiction
This refers to the monetary value of a claim that a particular court is authorized to hear.
- Primary Courts: Can hear cases up to a certain value (e.g., Rs. 500,000)
- District Courts: Handle civil claims exceeding the pecuniary limit of Primary Courts
2. Territorial (Local) Jurisdiction
This jurisdiction is based on geographical boundaries. A civil case must be filed in the court that covers the area where:
- The defendant resides or conducts business
- The cause of action arose
- The property in question is located
3. Subject-Matter Jurisdiction
Different courts are designated to hear specific types of civil cases.
- District Courts: Handle divorces, adoption, testamentary cases, property disputes, etc.
- Commercial High Court (in Colombo): Special jurisdiction over commercial disputes above a certain monetary threshold
- Labour Tribunals: For unfair dismissal or employment disputes
4. Original vs. Appellate Jurisdiction
- Original Jurisdiction: The authority to hear a case for the first time (e.g., District Courts)
- Appellate Jurisdiction: The power to review and revise decisions from lower courts (e.g., Court of Appeal, Supreme Court)
5. Exclusive vs. Concurrent Jurisdiction
- Exclusive: Only one court can hear a specific type of case
- Concurrent: More than one court may have jurisdiction; parties may choose
Common Civil Courts in Sri Lanka
- District Courts
- Primary Courts
- Commercial High Court
- Labour Tribunals
- Court of Appeal
- Supreme Court
Each has its own jurisdictional limits and rules.
Why Jurisdiction Matters
Filing a case in the wrong court can lead to:
- Dismissal of the case
- Wasted time and legal costs
- Jurisdictional objections by the opposing party
That’s why it’s critical to consult a civil law expert to determine the correct forum.
How Wijesinghe Chambers Can Help
At Wijesinghe Chambers, we have extensive experience in handling civil disputes across all Sri Lankan courts. Our team ensures:
- Correct jurisdictional assessment
- Proper case strategy
- Efficient representation in court
Whether it’s a property dispute, commercial case, or family matter, we are here to provide trusted legal solutions.
Contact Us Today
Let us help you navigate Sri Lanka’s civil law landscape with clarity and confidence.
Wijesinghe Chambers
📍 Colombo, Sri Lanka
📧 Email: info@wijesinghechambers.com